Quality assurance - Where can I get my products tested to find out whether they comply with standards and regulatory requirements?
There are really two issues implicit in this question. The first has to do with a manufacturer seeking confirmation that his or her product meets requirements and, the second, with the obligation to provide test results to a regulatory authority or customer. For either purpose, it is essential that the laboratory is competent to perform the tests required by the standard or regulation.
Customer requirements should, of course, be defined in purchasing specifications and contracts, but relevant regulatory requirements are not always clearly defined or readily available. A manufacturer seeking entry into a new market or having any doubt about the requirements should contact the national WTO enquiry point on technical barriers to trade in the importing country. Some countries have more than one regulatory authority for a single product, and the WTO enquiry point should be able to direct manufacturers or their agents to the appropriate regulatory body or bodies. The manufacturer’s agent must also ensure that he or she understands the regulatory requirements of the market.
Irrespective of whether or not the test report is acceptable to the authorities, it is prudent to ensure, prior to dispatch, that your product complies with all requirements. This is to minimize the costs of re-testing and to avoid shipping charges for rejected products. Because of the many hidden costs associated with product rejection, it will be cost-effective to ensure that you do not submit a non-conforming product to the authorities or the customer in the first place.
Where authorities accept manufacturers’ declarations of conformity, it is the manufacturer’s responsibility to select an appropriate laboratory. In making this selection, the manufacturer must ensure that the laboratory is competent to undertake the specific tests required. The danger is that a laboratory may be competent in one field, with a good reputation, but have no experience in the tests stipulated for a particular product or for a particular market. It is up to you to ensure that both criteria are met.
A common problem is that manufacturers do not always understand that, for exports, it is the requirements of the importing market that must be satisfied. Tests performed to satisfy the domestic market are often not sufficient or are irrelevant.
Accreditation bodies should also consider these issues when assessing a laboratory that wishes to service export industries. When a manufacturer relies on accreditation to select a laboratory, any examples the latter can present to demonstrate its competence in relation to the importing market are crucial.
Where the test data on a product have to be submitted to the authorities for approval to be allowed entry into a market, it is necessary that the authorities recognize the laboratory that has performed the tests. In many cases, this may be a laboratory operated by the authority itself or one of the few it has designated (no other laboratory is acceptable). Sometimes, authorities will accept data from any reputable laboratory; increasingly, however, authorities accept data only from accredited laboratories. In all circumstances, the manufacturer must find out from the authority in the importing market what its policies are on accepting test data from both domestic and foreign sources.