1. Rules for any mode or modes of transport
EXW EX WORKS
FCA FREE CARRIER
CPT CARRIAGE PAID TO
CIP CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO
DAT DELIVERED AT TERMINAL
DAP DELIVERED AT PLACE
DDP DELIVERED DUTY PAID
2. Rules for sea and inland waterway transport
FAS FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP
FOB FREE ON BOARD
CFR COST AND FREIGHT
CIF COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT
The first class includes the seven Incoterms® 2010 rules that can be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and irrespective of whether one or more than one mode of transport is employed. EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAT, DAP and DDP belong to this class. They can be used even when there is no maritime transport at all. It is important to remember, however, that these rules can be used in cases where a ship is used for part of the carriage.
In the second class of Incoterms® 2010 rules, the point of delivery and the place to which the goods are carried to the buyer are both ports, hence the label “sea and inland waterway rules”. FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF belong to this class. Under the last three Incoterms® rules, all mention of the ship’s rail as the point of delivery has been omitted in preference for the goods being delivered when they are “on board” the vessel. This more closely reflects modern commercial reality and avoids the rather dated image of the risk swinging to and fro across an imaginary perpendicular line.