| Presentation | The Japan Shipping Exchange, Inc (JSE), a non-profit
organization established in 1921, set up a substructure now known
as the Tokyo Maritime Arbitration Commission (TOMAC). TOMAC is also
a non-profit organization which has since 1926 been continuously
engaged in institutional maritime arbitration. TOMAC resolves
disputes arising under bills of lading, charter parties, contracts
for sale and purchase of ships, shipbuilding, ship financing,
manning and so forth. Between 1996 and 2000, on average 15 new
cases were brought to TOMAC for resolution annually. |
| Functions | TOMAC conducts mediation/conciliation and arbitration under
its own Rules. JSE and TOMAC also provide consultation to parties
in dispute, advise and answer inquiries on interpretation of
contract terms, Japanese law, arbitration law and practice,
maritime economy, and Japanese shipping policies. JSE also
frequently organizes seminars on maritime contract negotiation and
drafting for all those engaged in it. |